Brief
随着现代神经影像学和显微外科等各种新技术在神经外科领域的广泛应用，神经外科的诊断、治疗水平也大幅度地提高，促使了神经外科学的飞速发展。我国的神经外科技术水平居世界前列。神经外科医护人员需要不断补充新的理论知识，积累丰富的临床经验，才能提高神经外科疾病的治愈率，降低死亡和致残率，以适应神经外科事业的发展。现代医学与自然科学、社会科学、人文科学之间相互渗透，现代高科技的飞速发展，使传统的护理知识结构发生了很大的变化，护理模式由以疾病为中心逐渐转变到以病人为中心，并进而转变到以人的健康为中心。
目前，我国各地区许多医院已建立神经外科。为适应医学护理的发展和满足神经外科专业护理人员的需要，本书主要从神经外科基础知识、神经系统临床应用、神经系统疾病治疗、神经外科护理等方面着笔，帮助读者对整个神经外科有一个较完整的了解；运用护理程序解决护理问题，适应现代医学护理模式的需要。该书可为神经外科专科护士提供实用的神经外科护理专业知识，相信该书的出版能够对全面提高神经外科护理人员的业务水平起到有益的作用。
Catalog
目录
前言........................................................................................................................1
目录........................................................................................................................2
第一章神经系统临床应用解剖..........................................................................9
第一节神经系统解剖基本知识..................................................................9
第二节头皮................................................................................................10
一、头皮解剖......................................................................................10
二、头皮的解剖结构..........................................................................11
第三节脑....................................................................................................13
一、大脑..............................................................................................13
二、间脑..............................................................................................15
三、小脑..............................................................................................15
四、脑干..............................................................................................15
五、内囊..............................................................................................16
六、脊髓..............................................................................................17
七、脑和脊髓的传导通路..................................................................18
八、脑和脊髓的被膜和血管..............................................................20
九、脑室系统和脑脊液循环..............................................................21
第四节脑神经............................................................................................21
一、嗅神经（Ⅰ）..............................................................................21
二、视神经（Ⅱ）..............................................................................22
三、动眼（Ⅲ）、滑车（Ⅳ）和展神经（Ⅵ）..............................24
四、三叉神经（Ⅴ）..........................................................................30
五、面神经（Ⅶ）..............................................................................32
六、前庭蜗神经（Ⅷ）（位听神经）..............................................33
七、舌咽（Ⅸ）、迷走神经（Ⅹ）..................................................34
八、副神经（Ⅺ）..............................................................................36
九、舌下神经（Ⅻ）..........................................................................36
第五节神经系统检查法............................................................................37
一、一般检查......................................................................................37
二、颅神经检查..................................................................................39
三、运动系统......................................................................................49
四、感觉系统......................................................................................55
五、反射..............................................................................................59
第六节神经系统病变的定位诊断............................................................61
一、大脑半球的定位诊断..................................................................61
二、间脑病变的定位诊断..................................................................65
三、脑干病变的定位诊断..................................................................67
第二章脑水肿与颅内压增高............................................................................71
第一节脑水肿............................................................................................71
一、脑水肿－疾病概述......................................................................71
三、脑水肿图册..................................................................................73
四、脑水肿－治疗..............................................................................74
第二节颅内压增高诊断标准....................................................................76
一、诊断检查......................................................................................76
二、鉴别诊断......................................................................................77
三、鉴别诊断要点..............................................................................79
第三节颅内压增高....................................................................................80
一、病因..............................................................................................80
二、临床表现......................................................................................81
三、辅助检查......................................................................................81
四、护理..............................................................................................82
第四节颅内压增高的预防和护理............................................................84
一、颅内压（ICP）增高的因素分析................................................84
二、预防和护理..................................................................................85
第三章脑血管疾病............................................................................................87
第一节自发性蛛网膜下腔出血................................................................87
一、概述..............................................................................................87
二、发病率..........................................................................................87
三、病因..............................................................................................87
四、发病机制......................................................................................88
五、病理变化......................................................................................88
六、临床表现......................................................................................89
七、诱因和前驱症状..........................................................................90
八、儿童与老年人 SAH.....................................................................90
九、非动脉瘤性 SAH.........................................................................90
十、并发症..........................................................................................90
十一、蛛网膜下腔出血的护理..........................................................91
第二节颅内动脉瘤....................................................................................96
一、概述..............................................................................................96
二、脑动脉瘤的护理........................................................................107
第三节脑血管畸形..................................................................................110
一、概述............................................................................................110
二、诊断检查....................................................................................115
三、疾病治疗....................................................................................116
四、护理............................................................................................120
第四节脑出血..........................................................................................121
一、概述............................................................................................121
二、脑出血的急救原则....................................................................125
三、脑出血病人的护理....................................................................126
四、脑出血康复锻炼方法................................................................131
五、脑出血病人康复治疗计划........................................................133
六、脑出血患者恢复期的康复护理................................................134
第五节脑梗死..........................................................................................137
一、概述............................................................................................137
二、临床表现....................................................................................138
三、脑梗死病人护理........................................................................139
第四章神经系统疾病常见治疗......................................................................150
第一节神经放射外科治疗......................................................................150
一、适应症........................................................................................150
二、放射治疗反应及处理................................................................150
三、护理要点....................................................................................151
第二节人工呼吸机的使用......................................................................151
一、呼吸机操作步骤及使用方法....................................................151
二、人工呼吸机使用常见问题........................................................154
第三节水电解质平衡紊乱......................................................................167
一、水、电解质紊乱........................................................................167
二、水电解质平衡紊乱诊疗............................................................171
第四节酸碱平衡失常..............................................................................183
一、酸碱平衡的调节........................................................................183
二、酸碱平衡失常的诊断................................................................184
第五节低温疗法......................................................................................189
一、低温疗法概述............................................................................189
二、低温疗法对脑保护作用的研究进展........................................196
第六节三叉神经后根射频热凝术..........................................................201
一、三叉神经痛的诊断和治疗........................................................201
二、射频热凝技术............................................................................217
第七节神经阻滞技术..............................................................................226
一、概述............................................................................................226
二、表面麻醉....................................................................................229
三、局部浸润麻醉............................................................................232
四、静脉局部麻醉............................................................................233
六、神经及神经丛阻滞....................................................................235
五、上肢神经阻滞............................................................................243
六、下肢神经阻滞............................................................................246
七、躯干及会阴神经阻滞................................................................250
八、交感神经阻滞............................................................................253
第八节介入神经放射治疗技术..............................................................255
一、介入神经放射学技术准标准....................................................255
二、介入放射常用技术....................................................................257
第五章神经外科手术......................................................................................267
第一节脑积水手术..................................................................................267
一、侧脑室腹腔分流术....................................................................267
二、侧脑室心房分流术....................................................................268
三、侧脑室枕大池分流术................................................................269
第二节脊髓疾病手术..............................................................................270
一、颈椎间盘突出的手术................................................................270
二、胸椎间盘突出的手术................................................................272
三、腰椎间盘突出的手术................................................................274
四、脊髓肿瘤的手术........................................................................275
五、脊髓外伤的手术........................................................................276
第三节癫痫........................................................................................278
一、前顳叶切除术............................................................................278
二、胼胝体切开术............................................................................281
三、大脑半球切除术........................................................................283
四、癫痫的定向手术治疗................................................................285
第四节三叉神经痛经后颅窝手术.....................................................288
第五节脑部定向手术.........................................................................290
一、脑导向术....................................................................................290
二、立体定向活检手术....................................................................291
第六章神经外科基础护理.................................................................293
第一节基础护理技术操作.................................................................293
一、翻身............................................................................................293
二、气管切开护理............................................................................294
三、导尿............................................................................................295
四、鼻饲............................................................................................297
五、微量泵的使用............................................................................299
六、冰毯............................................................................................300
七、腰椎穿刺的配合........................................................................301
第二节生命体征的观察....................................................................303
一、意识............................................................................................303
二、血压............................................................................................305
三、呼吸............................................................................................306
四、脉搏............................................................................................306
五、瞳孔............................................................................................307
六、体沮............................................................................................308
第三节颅脑手术前常规护理.............................................................310
一、心理护理....................................................................................310
二、饮食护理....................................................................................310
三、呼吸道准备................................................................................310
四、检查准备....................................................................................310
五、护士指导病人床上使用大、小便器........................................310
六、特殊手术准备............................................................................310
七、手术前一日准备........................................................................311
八、手术晨准备................................................................................311
第四节颅脑手术后麻醉苏醒期常规护理........................................311
一、生命体征的观察........................................................................311
二、保持呼吸道通畅........................................................................312
三、保持循环系统的稳定................................................................312
四、体温的观察................................................................................312
五、伤口的观察................................................................................312
六、引流管的观察............................................................................313
七、密切观察，早期发现病情变化................................................313
八、做好基础护理............................................................................313
第五节颅脑手术后常规护理..................................................................313
一、卧位............................................................................................313
二、呼吸道管理................................................................................314
三、观察生命体征............................................................................314
四、饮食护理....................................................................................314
五、药物治疗....................................................................................314
六、高颅压治疗................................................................................314
七、伤口护理....................................................................................315
八、案痛的观察................................................................................315
九、并发症的护理............................................................................315
结语....................................................................................................................316
Author
车延国，男，1974 年10出生，神经外科医师，淄博市张店区人民医院神经外科，山东省疼痛医学会小儿神经外科专业委员，淄博市医学会神经外重症专业委员，主要从事神 经外科的临床工作。毕业于华北煤炭医学院临床医学系，2008年在山东省立医院神经外 科进修学习。擅长神经外科创伤及血管病等疾病的诊治。
Cip
Name(s): 车延国, 1974-
Title: 神经外科概论 / 车延国著.
Other title(s): Introduction of neurosurgery
Description: 第1版. | Singapore : 新加坡寰宇出版社, 2019.
Identifier(s): OCN 1089643977 | ISBN 978-981-14-0806-9 (paperback)
Subject(s): LCSH: Nervous system -- Surgery | Nervous system -- Diseases -- Case studies | Neurological nursing.
Classification: DDC 617.48--dc23